Intermarriage Among Italians: Some Regional Variations in Australia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using data from the 1986 Census this paper examines the patterns of intermarriage of the Italian-born, who constitute one of the largest non-English speaking groups in Australia. We also examine regional variations in the rate of intermarriage between the Italian-born and people born in Australia and other birthplace groupings. The ethnic composition of the Australian population has been changed by post-war migration and this has led to increased social interaction between diverse groups. It has been found that direct and continuing contact between groups with different cultural heritages results in an increased rate of intermarriage. However, this rate varies, and we found that the Italian-born and other southern European groups have significantly higher rates of in-marriage than British and north and east Europeans. The findings show that Italians in urban areas have higher rates of in-marriage than those in rural areas, due to age and gender differences in migration streams, which lead to a shortage of potential partners of similar ethnic background in non-metropolitan areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".