Measurement and Analysis of Available Ambient Radio Frequency Energy for Wireless Energy Harvesting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of ambient RF energy measurements conducted at 23 locations in Calgary and area, including a mix of indoor/outdoor, rural/urban, public/private locations across frequency bands for cell phones (824-960MHz, 1710-2170MHz) and unlicensed industrial, scientific, and medical devices (2.4-2.5GHz, 5.150-5.875GHz) using a spectrum analyzer. A best case test scenario where an active RF source was nearby a user was also conducted. It was found that RF energy at the measurement locations is generally too low or too inconsistent for energy harvesting. Analysis of measurement data reveals that up to 37% and 11% of the locations can attain a peak power of at least -30dBm and -20dBm, respectively. However, ambient RF harvesting is probably feasible with an active source nearby. The findings open the door for further research in intended RF energy harvesting with a dedicated transmitter for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in future generation sensors powered by ambient RF energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".