Signifyin(g) When Vexed: Black Feminist Revision, Anger, and <i>A Raisin in the Sun</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lorraine Hansberry invoked Britain’s “Angry Young Men” on multiple occasions in order to explain to her contemporaries the black rage she was attempting to express with A Raisin in the Sun. Walter Lee Younger, the husband and businessman struggling to attain his version of the American dream by opening a liquor store, is widely regarded as the “Angry Young Man” of Hansberry’s play; however, this article proposes that, to account fully for Raisin’s engagement with the “Angry,” scholarship must look more closely at his sister Beneatha Younger, who appears as a black feminist revision of the “Angry Young Man” trope. By appearing to mimic Walter’s anger and then refashioning it throughout the play, Beneatha undermines Walter by Signifyin(g) on him, in the spirit of Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s theorization of this term. Most importantly, Beneatha’s playful, Signifyin(g) anger enables us to re-evaluate the longstanding assumption that Raisin constitutes a staid example of kitchen-sink realism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".