Increasing Resource Inequality among Families in Modern Societies: The Mechanisms of Growing Educational Homogamy, Changes in the Division of Work in the Family and the Decline of the Male Breadwinner Model
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many social inequality studies in modern societies take an individualistic approach. They analyse men and women as individuals and neglect marriage patterns and familial relationships. This often implies that men and women are all alike, that there are no important differences within households, and that employment chances and risks within the family are based on gender-free considerations. This article draws on the empirical results of several international comparative research projects to examine the impact of changes in union formation, the division of labour in couples and rising uncertainty in male breadwinner incomes on the development of social inequality between families in modern societies. The empirical findings support the view that such inequalities have grown significantly in the past decades due to the increasing accumulation of resources within higher qualified couples over the life course. This result would not have become visible in individualistic mobility or labour market studies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it