Impact of seasonal temperature rise on labour and capital productivity in manufacturing sector: a study with Canadian panel data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rising global temperature is one of the manifestations of climate change. This study analyses the impact of average temperature rise in summer and winter on production in the manufacturing sector, which is mostly indoor production. This study also compares the differential impact of temperature rise on indoor and outdoor production. Using panel data from ten Canadian provinces for the period of 1997 to 2010, it finds that the rise of average temperature in summer causes labour and capital productivity in manufacturing sector to decline. As a result the production of manufacturing goods falls, but this impact is much weaker compared to that on outdoor production, i.e., the production in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting sectors together. Average temperature rise in winter, however, leaves production in the manufacturing sector unaffected. These results are obtained by controlling for population growth, GDP per capita, and yearly-dummies. These findings may have some policy implications for Canada and other countries that have been experiencing warmer than usual summer and winter temperatures due to climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".