Frequency and type of food safety infractions in food establishments with and without certified food handlers.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A peer-reviewed article North Americans consume food from food service establishments frequently; therefore, restaurants may be a significant source of foodborne illness. Food Handler Certification provides food handlers with knowledge to control factors that may contribute to foodborne illnesses. Food Handler Certification is mandatory in a number of provinces in Canada as well as several states in the United States. This study compared two groups of food establishments, one with mandatory Food Handler Certification for staff and management and one without. Establishments in which Food Handler Certification was mandatory were 1.97 times less likely to receive infractions during inspections (P = < 0.0000001; OR: 1.97, 95 % C.L: 1.54–2.50). The types of infractions commonly noted during inspections between the two study groups were similar, but the mandatory Food Handler Certification group had fewer infractions noted during inspections in almost all of the infraction categories, indicating that Food Handler Certification should be implemented in all food establishments because it has a positive effect on inspection scores. Further research comparing food service establishments with mandatory Food Handler
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".