Flow Rate Effect on Methanol Electro-oxidation in a Microfluidic Laminar Flow System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of flow rate on the methanol electro-oxidation reaction in laminar flow was investigated using a direct methanol laminar flow fuel cell (LF-FC). A micro fuel cell was fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane using standard soft-lithography techniques. The electrochemical performance of methanol oxidation was characterized by anode polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis with and without sulfuric acid. The results show that in the absence of a sulfuric acid electrolyte (H2SO4) the methanol flow rate significantly influences methanol oxidation kinetics of the laminar flow direct methanol fuel cell. In the absence of H2SO4, it was found that the charge transfer resistance and onset potential of the methanol oxidation reaction significantly increases as the methanol flow rate increases. As a result, the anode current density of LF-FCs decreases at higher flow rates of methanol. However, this negative effect was reduced when a strong electrolyte, such as sulfuric acid, was mixed with the methanol solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".