A Novel Integrated View of the Role of Prostaglandins for Recognition and Establishment of Pregnancy in Ruminants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prostaglandins are important regulators of fertility in most mammals. Prostaglandins F 2 α (PGF 2 α) and E 2 (PGE 2 ) appear as the most active PGs in reproduction and often mediate opposite reactions at the time of establishment and termination of pregnancy. These prostaglandins and possibly also prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) are responsible for the regulation of luteolysis, implantation, and parturition. In cows, endometrial PGF 2 α is the luteolytic hormone whereas PGE, may favour maternal recognition of pregnancy. During the bovine oestrous cycle, days 16-17 are considered as the for either maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), in the presence of a viable embryo or luteolysis and return to a new oestrous cycle. In ruminants, trophoblastic interferon tau (IFNt) is known as the pregnancy recognition signal. We have found over the years that the mechanism of MRP is more complex than initially anticipated and involves regulation of PG action at the level of biosynthesis, catabolism, transport and receptors. For instance, in the bovine endometrium where the production of PGF 2 α is abundant and tightly modulated, we have found that the PGF synthase responsible for its production is not the enzyme previously identified in lung or liver but rather an aldose reductase with a new function, AKR1B5. This enzyme and others like PGH synthase 1 and 2 and PGE synthases are also tightly modulated to control the relative concentration of PGF 2 α and PGE 2 . Moreover, inspite of their lipid structure, PGs diffuse pooriy through plasma membranes because they are charged negatively. We have identified a novel prostaglandin transporter bPGT that is expressed in the genital tract in a spatio-temporal manner in order to allow the transfer of PGs produced at critical periods of the oestrous cycle or during pregnancy. Finally, the action of individual PGs is regulated at the level of their receptors. A good understanding of PG action in the regulation of reproductive function requires that we consider all these factors. We intend to present here an integrated view of PG action on the function of the female genital tract at the critical period of recognition of pregnancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".