Profiles of Grandmothers Providing Child Care to Their Grandchildren in South Korea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the profiles of South Korean grandmothers who provide child care to their grandchildren using a nationally representative sample of 3,329 grandmothers between 45 and 79 years of age. We assess grandmothers’ personal characteristics, financial situation and perception, and social participation associated with the likelihood of providing full-time and part-time child care, in comparison to providing no child care. We also examine grandmother characteristics related to providing longer hours of child care among 420 caregiving grandmothers. The results of a multinomial logistic regression and multiple regression show that the following characteristics are significantly associated with the provision of full-time or longer child care: age, intergenerational coresidence, the projection of future inheritance, grandmaternal and maternal employment, interaction with close networks, and religious participation. The findings suggest preliminary support for the three models of intergenerational transfer theory, short-term exchange, long-term exchange, and altruism, to explain grandmatemal child care in South Korea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".