148 Immune system stimulation (ISS) alters the protein deposition (PD) and increases dietary threonine requirements of growing pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In previous studies we have shown that systemic ISS decreased apparent ileal digestibility of dietary amino acids (AA). Furthermore, we have shown that ISS increased the expression of Thr rich mucin 2, a major component of intestinal endogenous AA loss (EAAL), at the transcriptional level. We also observed a 1.5 times increase in plasma Thr flux, a measure of Thr utilization, in ISS pigs, suggesting an increased metabolic demand for Thr during ISS. To our knowledge, the effect of ISS on the dietary requirements for Thr has not been evaluated. Therefore, the current study evaluated the impact of ISS on dietary Thr requirements in growing pigs. A total of 39 gilts (initial BW 32 ± 2.1 kg) of commercially relevant genetics were individually housed in metabolism crates, and fed a corn-SBM based diet in which Thr was the first limiting among other AA. After 4-d adaptation to the experimental diets, ISS was induced by two intramuscular injections of increasing amounts of E.coli lipopolysaccharide (ISS+; 25 and 35 µg/kg BW) given 48-h apart. Pigs in the ISS- group received sterile saline. Pigs within each ISS group were assigned to three diets containing 70, 90, and 110% of SID Thr levels that were estimated based on the potential of each group for PD using NRC Swine, 2012 model for estimation of nutrient requirements. Blood samples were collected 24-h post-ISS and assayed for blood chemistry. Body temperature (BT) was also monitored on a daily basis. N-balance was determined during a 3-d post-ISS period. Results were analyzed in SAS using a completely randomized design and mixed procedures. ISS increased BT (0.7°C SE 0.15), BUN (10mg/dl SE 3.6), and blood creatinine (0.7 mg/dl SE 0.08) indicating an effective ISS in pigs (P < 0.05). SID Thr intake increased PD in a linear fashion in both ISS groups (P < 0.01). Marginal efficiency of SID Thr utilization for PD, represented by the slope, was not affected by ISS; 1 g of additional SID Thr intake supported 28 and 20 SE 3.9 g/d PD in the ISS+ pigs and ISS- pigs, respectively. However, ISS substantially increased the extrapolated maintenance SID Thr requirements, represented by the intercept at zero PD (ISS- vs. ISS+, −11.2 vs. −56.3 SE 14.8; P < 0.05). These results suggest that ISS increases the dietary requirements for SID Thr due to an increase in maintenance requirements. The latter may be associated with increased intestinal EAAL during ISS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".