Language and Non-linguistic Brokering: Diversity of Experiences of Immigrant Young Adults from Eastern Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brokering, or the work immigrant youth do to help their families adapt to a new society, is a common phenomenon in immigrant families, but has only recently been explored in research studies. Most researchers focus on language brokering (translating and interpreting) rather than non-linguistic types of brokering (e.g., helping parents study for the citizenship exam), and studies have mainly involved Latino adolescents. The current study simultaneously examines different types of, and feelings about, brokering work among first-generation immigrant young adults (M age = 22.92, SD = 2.89; 63.5% female) from Eastern Europe (N = 197). Both existing and newly developed brokering measures were administered to the participants. Findings indicate that immigrant youth engage in non-linguistic brokering for their parents more often than in language brokering, and feel more positive about non-linguistic brokering than language-focused brokering. Further, findings point to the diversity of immigrant experiences, and the implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".