The effects of creatine and exercise on skeletal muscle of FRG1‐transgenic mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transgenic overexpression of Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) Region Gene 1 (FRG1) results in severe muscle atrophy and weakness reminiscent of the human disease FSHD. Treatments that act to mitigate muscle dysfunction in the FRG1‐transgenic mouse could hold therapeutic benefit to FSHD patients. Forty FRG1 mice were divided into sedentary, creatine (Cr), and combination creatine and exercise treated groups (CrEx). Creatine was incorporated into standard rat chow at 2% (w/w) and animals exercised in thirty minute bouts at 12–15m/min, three times per week over 52 days. There were no effects of any treatment on bodyweight however quadriceps weight increased 15% in CrEX but not in Cr (P<0.05). CrEX had greater percentage improvements in grip strength (147%, P<0.05) and Rotarod fall speed (204%, P<0.001). As Cr resulted in no functional improvements, the positive effects of CrEX appear to be mediated by exercise, however the potential synergistic action of the combined treatment cannot be excluded. Low intensity exercise attenuates the atrophy and muscle dysfunction associated with FRG1 overexpression, resulting in modest improvements in muscle function. The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise remain to be determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".