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Record W2600117321 · doi:10.1145/3027486

Hoplite

2017· article· en· W2600117321 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems · 2017
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicInterconnection Networks and Systems
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer scienceCrossbar switchField-programmable gate arrayRouterLookup tableDeflection routingOverlayEmbedded systemNetwork packetNetwork on a chipParallel computingComputer networkComputer hardwareRouting protocolOperating systemStatic routing

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We can design an FPGA-optimized lightweight network-on-chip (NoC) router for flit-oriented packet-switched communication that is an order of magnitude smaller (in terms of LUTs and FFs) than state-of-the-art FPGA overlay routers available today. We present Hoplite, an efficient, lightweight, and fast FPGA overlay NoC that is designed to be small and compact by (1) using deflection routing instead of buffered switching to eliminate expensive FIFO buffers and (2) using a torus topology to reduce the cost of switch crossbar. Buffering and crossbar implementation complexities have traditionally limited speeds and imposed heavy resource costs in conventional FPGA overlay NoCs. We take care to exploit the fracturable lookup tables (LUT) organization of the FPGA to further improve the resource efficiency of mapping the expensive crossbar multiplexers. Hoplite can outperform classic, bidirectional, buffered mesh networks for single-flit-oriented FPGA applications by as much as 1.5 × (best achievable throughputs for a 10 × 10 system) or 2.5 × (allocating same amount of FPGA resources to both NoCs) for uniform random traffic. When compared to buffered mesh switches, FPGA-based deflection routers are ≈ 3.5 × smaller (HLS-generated switch) and 2.5 × faster (clock period) for 32b payloads. In a separate experiment, we hand-crafted an RTL version of our switch with location constraints that requires only 60 LUTs and 100 FFs per router and runs at 2.9ns. We conduct additional layout experiments on modern Xilinx and Altera FPGAs and demonstrate wide-channel chip-spanning layouts that run in excess of 300MHz while consuming 10--15% of overall chip resources. We also demonstrate a clustered RISC-V multiprocessor organization that uses Hoplite to help deliver the high processing throughputs of the FPGA architecture to user applications.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.970
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it