Glioblastoma in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, revisited (2005-2009).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
e13025 Background: In 2005 a randomized phase III study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group reported an improved median survival of 14.6 months for glioblastoma patients treated with radiotherapy plus temozolomide (TMZ/RT→TMZ), compared with 12.1 months for treatment with RT alone. Subsequently TMZ/RT→TMZ has become the standard of care. A population-based analysis of patterns of care and outcome in glioma patients diagnosed 1980-1994 in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, has provided a powerful database, confirming the overall poor prognosis of glioblastoma (H. Ohgaki et al. Cancer Res. 64:6892-9, 2004). To explore changes in outcome over the last decades, the registry data were re-evaluated for patients diagnosed in the time frame 2005-2009. Methods: Patients diagnosed for glioblastoma in the Canton of Zurich from 2005-2009 were identified by the Cancer Registry Zurich. Clinical and epidemiological data were included in a filemaker database, and analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: In the current database, there were 264 patients with glioblastoma, including 197 with primary glioblastomas with an annual incidence of 3.98 compared to 3.55 in the former patient group. Median age at diagnosis was 60.5 years recently as opposed to 62.2 years previously. Median overall survival (OS) was 11.1 months for the period ending 2009 versus 4.9 for the patient population of 1980 to 1994. In the present study, median OS was 2.1 months for patients treated with surgery alone, 4.9 months with combined surgery and radiotherapy, and 16.6 months for patients who received surgery followed by TMZ/RT→TMZ. OS was 45% at 1 year, 21.4% at 2 years and 14% at 3 years in the present study while previously the OS was significantly lower, namely 17.7% at 1 year, 3.3% at 2 years and 1.2% at 3 years, respectively. Age and extent of resection were strongly associated with survival in the present patient cohort. Conclusions: The OS of patients in the Canton of Zurich with newly diagnosed glioblastoma has markedly improved from the period of 1980-1994 to 2005-2009. Age, extent of resection, and treatment regimens remain strong indicators of outcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".