Rögen Moraine as a Transitional Bedform in an Erosional Subglacial System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ribbed (Rgen) moraine in northeastern Minnesota associated with the Rainy Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet is extensively distributed at transition of scoured Canadian Shield bedrock and thick drumlinized till and is associated with eskers.This setting suggests a strongly extensional glaciological setting as the ice transitions from bedrock to thick unconsolidated sediment.As part of our investigation of ribbed moraine formation simple glaciological modeling is used to conceptualize the ice flow regime and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) isused to study internal structure of the forms.Our numerical flow model used a specified accumulation pattern and basal shear stress distribution to calculate the balance velocity and assess increasing ice velocity across the bedrock-till transition where ribbed moraines occur.GPR profiles were collected parallel to ice flow and multiple profiles on one form were used for 3-dimensional analysis.Modeling suggests that the velocity increase across the transition is likely no greater than 100%.GPR reveals that about half of the ribbed moraine forms have an imbricated structure on the stoss side that we interpret as depositional.We conclude that ribbed moraine in NE Minnesota formed in a net erosional environment.As the drumlinized till thinned, ribbed moraine became the stable bedform.We interpret the imbricate structures on the stoss side of the forms as local deposition of till suggesting that the forms were migrating upglacier.The association with eskers suggests that effective subglacial drainage enhances ribbed moraine formation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".