Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analysis based on censuses and mini-census data shows that while the nuclear family household was the mainstream in China in the 1990s, extended family households with 3+ generations also constituted a substantive proportion: 19.4% and 18.3% in 1995 and 1990, respectively. A large majority of elderly men (69%) and women (75%) lived with their children. As compared with the early 1980s, in the 199.0s, the number of one-person households decreased; the number of 3+ generation extended family households increased; the proportion of elderly persons living alone decreased; living with spouse and children increased. Explanations to interpret this phenomenon, which is contradictory to theoretical expectations, are given. We believe that family structures in China in the 1990s were not more traditional than those in the early 1980s were; the traditional norm regarding family structure and living arrangement of the elderly changed little, if at all, between 1982 and 1995. Previous expectations that Chinese families might give way to the Western pattern have not been met.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".