Effect of Sand Overconsolidation and Extensive Liquefaction on K <sub>0</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the first part of this research, centrifuge model testing was used to investigate the relationship between the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest, K0, and overconsolidation ratio, OCR, for clean sand for the whole loading-unloading-reloading cycle. Tactile pressure sensors were used to measure the change in K0 in two saturated centrifuge models conducted on Ottawa sand. A relationship was developed between the change in K0 and OCR both for unloading and reloading conditions. In the second part of this research, the same tactile sensor was used to test the influence of extensive liquefaction on K0. A centrifuge model was subjected to very strong shaking causing extensive liquefaction. Lateral earth pressure was measured before and after liquefaction. It was found that there is a significant reduction on K0 due to extensive liquefaction which explains the increased vulnerability of sandy deposits after liquefaction, as observed by many researchers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".