Self‐Assembly of Spinel Nanocrystals into Mesoporous Spheres as Bifunctionally Active Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Electrocatalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The present work introduces spinel oxide nanocrystals self‐assembled into mesoporous spheres that are bifunctionally active towards catalyzing both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The electrochemical evaluation reveals that (Ni,Co) 3 O 4 demonstrates a significantly positive‐shifted ORR onset and half‐wave potentials [−0.127 and −0.292 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE), respectively], whereas Co 3 O 4 results in a negative‐shifted OER potential (0.65 V vs. SCE) measured at 10 mA cm −2 . Based on the DFT analysis, the potential at which all oxygen intermediate reactions proceed spontaneously is the highest for (Ni,Co) 3 O 4 ( U =0.66 eV) during ORR, whereas it is the lowest for Co 3 O 4 ( U =2.09 eV) during OER. The high ORR activity of (Ni,Co) 3 O 4 is attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity of the spinel lattice, and the high OER activity of Co 3 O 4 is attributed to relatively weak adsorption energy promoting rapid release of evolved oxygen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".