SA59. The Psychophysiological Effects of Racially Primed Social Exclusion Among Ethnic Minorities With Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: This research sought to determine whether high-frequency heart rate variability differs between ethnic minority participants with high versus low attenuated psychotic symptoms in response to being excluded in a novel racially primed social exclusion game (Cyberball). Methods: A mixed factorial experimental design compared stress reactions in 34 “high” scorers and 35 “low” scorers on the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) who were all racial and ethnic minority young adults. Participants completed a social exclusion experiment while being continuously monitored for their heart rate, breathing rate, and galvanic skin response. The social exclusion task was Cyberball, a computerized ball-tossing game used to assess the effects of social rejection or a new racially primed version of the game in which participants were lead to believe they were playing with 2 sex-matched white players. The degree of social exclusion in the game was parametrically varied at fixed rates over 6 rounds of the game (e.g., from 50% inclusion [equal chance of getting the ball] to 10% [very low chance of getting the ball]). At the end of the game, participants completed questions to assess the validity of the manipulation. The high-frequency domain activity of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was extracted from each participant’s electrocardiogram waveform and averaged for each of the 6 inclusion/exclusion rounds of Cyberball. Decreased RSA is an indication of having to deal with more stress. Results: Results indicated the new racial manipulation of Cyberball was effective in that participants in this condition were significantly more likely to attribute their social exclusion to their race/ethnicity than participants in the generic condition, F(1, 63) = 9.35, P = .003). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference in RSA between the 4 groups (i.e., high PQ/low PQ in race and nonrace conditions) in all 6 of the Cyberball rounds. Given this, ANCOVA was conducted to determine a difference in RSA across the 4 groups in an exclusion round while controlling for RSA levels during the inclusion round. Results indicated a significant difference across the 4 groups, F(3, 68) = 2.92, P = .041). Post hoc Tukey T tests revealed high PQ scorers exhibited lower RSA than low PQ scorers in the race condition (Trial 4 exclusion round RSA mean difference of 1.23, P = .003) but not in the nonrace condition. Conclusion: This experimental method effectively manipulated racial social exclusion, a core experience underlying racial discrimination. Young adults exhibiting a high number of attenuated psychotic symptoms were specifically more stressed by the racial discrimination than those exhibiting a low number of symptoms, as there was no difference in these groups under regular conditions of social ostracism. Race-related stress may play a more salient role in psychosis risk among vulnerable racial and ethnic minorities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".