Gestion de stockage d'energie thermique d'un parc de chauffe-eaux par une commande a champ moyen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RESUME Dans un contexte actuel de transition energetique, le smartgrid et la gestion de la charge electrique sont des champs de recherche de plus en plus actifs. Le projet smartDESC dans lequel ce memoire s’inscrit, s’interesse plus specifiquement au controle d’appareils electromenagers chauffant (chauffe-eau, chauffe-espace) permettant de moduler la charge domestique. Ainsi, en utilisant la theorie des jeux a champ moyen, le projet smartDESC veut convertir les chauffe-eaux (et eventuellement les chauffe-espace) en des reservoirs d’energie intelligents. Pour ce faire, un ensemble de a ete developpe. Certains permettent la generation d’une commande optimale et son interpretation en champ moyen, d’autres permettent la simulation numerique d’un chauffe-eau, du processus aleatoire de tirage d’eau ou d’un reseau de telecommunications. Durant la maitrise de recherche, tous ces modules ont ete integres, testes, interfaces et regles dans un simulateur commun. Ce simulateur a pour but de realiser des simulations de reseau electriques completes allant du fonctionnement individuel de chaque chauffe-eau jusqu’a des considerations plus generales tel que la charge globale electrique. Apres l’interfacage de l’ensemble des modules, un ensemble de simulations ont ete realisees. Ces simulations permettent d’analyser la reponse d’un parc de chauffe-eaux connectes a differents types de controle et de situation. Dans un premier temps, les differents modules sont decrits precisement d’un point de vue theorique et pratique. Ensuite, differents types de controle sont appliques a une population uniforme de maisons equipees de chauffe-eaux et de dispositifs de commande. Les resultats de chacun de ces controles sont analyses et compares afin d’en comprendre les points forts et faibles. Enfin, un etude est menee afin d’analyser les capacites de resilience d’un controle champ-moyen. Ce rapport tend a montrer la possibilite d’effectuer un controle base sur l’utilisation de la theorie des jeux a champ moyen. Ce controle offre une bonne resilience aux imprevus pouvant perturber le reseau. Il est aussi demontre que l’utilisation d’un controle champs-moyen pour absorber les variations dues a la production eolienne est possible. Ainsi, en reduisant la variabilite de la charge electrique du secteur residentiel, le controle en champ moyen participe a accroitre la stabilite generale du reseau.----------ABSTRACT In today’s energy transition, smart grids and electrical load control are very active research fields. This master’s thesis is an offshoot of the SmartDesc project which aims at using energy storage capability of electric household appliances, such as water heaters and electric heaters to mitigate the fluctuations of system loads and renewable generation. The smartDESC project aims at demonstrating that the mean field game theory (MFG), as new mathematical theory, can be used to convert and control water heaters (and possibly space heater) into smart thermal capacities. Thus, a set f has been developed. These modules are used to generate the optimal control and locally interpret it, to simulate the water-heater thermophysics or water draw event, or to virtualize a telecommunication mesh network. The different aspects of the project have been first studied and developed separately. During the course of this master’s research, the modules have been integrated, tested, interfaced and tuned in a common simulator. This simulator is designed to make complete electrical network simulations with a multi-scale approach (from individual water heater to global electric load and production). Firstly, the modules are precisely described theoretically and practically. Then, different types of control are applied to an uniform population of houses fitted with water heaters and controllers. The results of these controls are analysed and compared in order to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, a study was conducted to analyse the resilience of a mean field control. This report demonstrates that mean field game theory in coordination with a system level aggregate model based optimization program, is able to effectively control a large population of water heaters to smooth the overall electrical load. This control offers good resilience to unforeseen circumstances that can disrupt the network. It is also demonstrated that a mean field control is able to absorb fluctuations due to Wind power production. Thus, by reducing the variability of the residential sector’s electrical charge, the mean field control plays a role in increasing power system stability in the face of high levels of renewable energy penetration. The next stage of smartDESC project is now to set up an intelligent electric water heater prototype. This prototype, in progress since January 2016 at Ecole Polytechnique in Montreal,is aimed at proving concretely the theories developed in the project.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".