A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE SEASONALITY ON SEMINAL PLASMA CHARACTERISTICS IN NORTH AMERICAN BISON (<i>BISON BISON</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The two subspecies of the North American bison, plains ( Bison bison bison) and wood ( Bison bison athabascae) bison, are seasonal breeders. The objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the effects of season on semen. To test the hypothesis that there are seasonal effects on seminal plasma, protein profiles of seminal plasma from plains and wood bison (n = 2 of each subspecies) were compared between breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of seminal plasma proteins, 54 of 170 spots (plains bison) and 19 of 153 spots (wood bison) had differential expression (≥2-fold; P < 0.01) between seasons. Based on immunoblotting, BSP5 and TIMP-2 (two fertility-associated proteins in cattle) were higher during the breeding vs. nonbreeding season. Furthermore, epididymal sperm incubated with seminal plasma from the nonbreeding season had lower postthaw progressive motility (17.33 ± 7.47 vs. 22.09 ± 6.67%; mean ± SD) and an increased ability to undergo a lysophosphatidylcholine-induced acrosome reaction (77.83 ± 8.47 vs. 52.67 ± 7.76%; mean ± SD) as compared to epididymal sperm incubated with seminal plasma from the breeding season. In a heterologous in vitro fertilization system (using bovine oocytes), cleavage rate was higher for sperm exposed to seminal plasma from the breeding vs. the nonbreeding season (75.35 ± 16.55 vs. 33.63 ± 12.44%; mean ± SD). This study suggested that differential expression of seminal plasma characteristics modulating sperm function is one of the mechanisms by which reproductive seasonality affects sperm function in the North American bison.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".