Financial Transfers Between Adult Children and Parents in Migrant Families From The Former Soviet Union
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines patterns of financial transfers between adult children and their parents in migrant families from the former Soviet Union in Germany. Data from the survey on Ageing of Soviet Union Migrants (ASUM) 2011 allows to compare the exchange of financial transfers in migrant families with elderly parents living in Germany as opposed to migrant families with elderly parents living in the country of origin. Results indicate a substantial number of transnational child-parent relationships among ethnic German migrants from the former Soviet Union. As to the exchange of resources, while financial transfers typically flow from parents to adult children if migrant's parents live in Germany, this is not the case in transnational child-parent relationships, here financial transfers flow more often from adult children in Germany to the elderly parents abroad. We interpret these different patterns in the direction of giving and receiving financial transfers between adult children and parents in transnational or non-transnational relationships as differences in the welfare systems which guarantee different levels of provision for old age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".