The Energy Saving and Indoor Comfort Improvements with Latent Thermal Energy Storage in Building Retrofits in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-rise apartment buildings in Canada are an integral part of the residential building stock, and their dominance is continuing to grow as their market escalates. Meanwhile, the refurbishment of the existing multi-unit residential building stock is becoming a fundamental step in order to address Canadian energy saving targets. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness for energy saving of increasing the thermal capacity of the building enclosure. In particular, thispaperassesses the benefits ofthe adoption of Phase Change Material (PCM) in lightweight constructions in the climates of Toronto and Vancouver. The main aspect investigatedis the contribution of PCM systems to lower the building cooling demand and to increase the indoor thermal comfort. Building simulations aimed at comparing different PCM systemsfor building elements such as floors, ceilings, and walls are reported.Different orientations and internal gains are considered in order to have a complete understanding of the potential benefits of the adoption of systems with high (latent) thermal energy storage capacity in building retrofits in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".