Job Search and Labor Market Outcomes of New Graduates in China: Using the Latest Available Survey Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is the first study that uses data collected after the new reform of the household registration system (hukou) on the topic of job search and labor market outcomes of new graduates in China. Data of recent years were collected via an original survey. Results indicate a significant, positive effect of search effort on finding a job, which was rarely observed before the reform. Furthermore, parents¡¯ income contributes significantly to starting wage, but has no significant effect on finding a job. This could be because parents¡¯ income is the source of major financial support for unemployed new graduates in China, theoretically contributing to wages but not affecting job-labor match. Moreover, the study examined details related to graduates¡¯ human capital and found that participation in university activities contributes to higher levels of starting wage upon graduation. The effects of different methods of job search were also examined. In addition, contrary to previous studies using data before the new hukou reform, this study found no significant wage gap between urban hukou graduates and rural hukou graduates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".