Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insurgents increasingly encounter asymmetric conditions when challenging individual governments from within their borders. Such circumstances prompted some Islamist insurgents to join al-Qaeda and pursue a supranational insurgency, using Afghanistan as their base. Their actions were part of a spatial process that unfolded in three stages. Stage 1 began in the 1980s as Muslim volunteers travelled to Afghanistan, where they fought beside Afghan mujahideen against Soviet forces. During Stage 2, some of these veterans took part in Islamist insurgencies in their home countries or other parts of the Islamic world. Setbacks during the second stage prompted some jihadists to return to Afghanistan. During this third stage, al-Qaeda members assisted the Taliban in the Afghan civil war while planning and conducting attacks against their adversaries around the world. Despite language differences, Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan proved superior to Egypt, Algeria, and other regions as an insurgent base. Channelized m...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".