CO2 geological storage by ECBM techniques in the Sulcis area (SW Sardinia Region, Italy).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An ECBM (Enhanced Coal Bed Methane as evolution of CBM techniques) pre-feasibility study started for the Sulcis Coal Province in December 2004 on the basis of the experience gathered: 1) by INGV, from ongoing and past projects dealing with CO2 geological storage, i.e., Weyburn test-field (Canada) by EOR techniques and from the studies of “CO2 analogues” in Italy; 2) by the coal industry of the Sulcis Province (Sotacarbo S.p.A. & Carbosulcis S.p.A.); 3) by ETH – Zurich, specifically on the coal adsorption properties, and 4) by IES S.r.l. reservoir engineering and gas storage industrial activity. This paper discusses the state of art of the project in the frame of the worldwide ECBM projects as a whole, on the basis of the yet acquired information and available experimental data. Environmental impact considerations are highlighted on the basis of the available Italian legal tools, giving hints for future EU, Italian and new regional legislation and strategies. A new concept of CO2 as “no waste” product in the coal/hydrocarbons provinces for ECBM/EOR exploitation is depicted, defining CO2 a “ natural climatealterant factor”. Geochemical, structural-geology, stratigraphic and reservoir engineering considerations are discussed. The first newly gathered experimental data, including CO2/CH4 coal adsorption capacity data are showed, even if they are preliminary. Starting from the geological and logistical available data, a MapInfo GIS structure was built up, to be jointed later to other EC “CO2 storage” data-GIS as the GETSCO EC project structure. The most important objective of this Phase I is the selection of the best for a ECBM test-pilot site, which will be followed (Phase II) by scaled up site and possibly by a future network (Phase III); these phases are foreseen to be accompanied by the selection of the progressively addedCO2 industrial sources (inserted in the Map-info GIS) to be used within the project economic spreadsheet model. CO2 geological storage in Sardinia is evaluated as a whole, considering the seismotectonic framework and the CO2 industrial sources available or foreseen in the next years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".