Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Temperature Differentials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, nonlinear finite element modelling and analysis was conducted on simply supported reinforced concrete beams with temperature differentials that had previously been tested at room and low temperature. Three-dimensional finite element models of the beams were developed to account for the geometry, material, loading, boundary condition and temperature; the results of the non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA) were then verified against the corresponding experimental results in terms of the load-displacement response, and cracking pattern and distribution. The validated FE models were employed to predict the cracking pattern and response of similar statically indeterminate reinforced concrete beams under the same combined bending and shear when the beams are subjected to a uniform low temperature (-20 °C). The numerical results showed that the developed models are capable of predicting the strength and cracking pattern of the statically determinate and indeterminate reinforced concrete beams with temperature differentials at room and low temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".