The effect of packing on direct contact evaporation in spray column
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The direct contact evaporation in countercurrent spray column has been experimentally investigated. Two kinds of random packing were added into the column independently to study their influence on heat transfer process. Three different continuous phase flow rates (150, 200, 250 L/h) and two different dispersed flow rates (6.565, 13.13 L/h) were used in the experiment. The inlet continuous phase temperature ranged from 42 to 57 °C, and the inlet dispersed phase temperature was near its boiling point. The effect of variable factors on the optimal column height, the volumetric heat transfer coefficient, the pressure drop, and the thickness of foam layer were studied. The results showed that packing had positive effects on heat transfer, such as decreasing the optimal column height and the thickness of foam layer, increasing heat transfer coefficient. But extra pressure was also obvious. Dixon rings performed better than Raschig rings in the experiments due to their finer structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".