Alteration of high-density lipoprotein functionality in Alzheimer’s disease patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to determine whether high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality-mediated cholesterol efflux is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and to investigate the role and effect of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the regulation of the anti-atherogenic activity of HDL. Eighty-seven elderly subjects were recruited, of whom 27 were healthy, 27 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 33 had mild Alzheimer’s disease (mAD). Our results showed that total cholesterol levels are negatively correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (r = –0.2602, p = 0.0182). HDL from the mAD patients was less efficient at mediating cholesterol efflux from J774 macrophages (p < 0.05) than HDL from the healthy subjects and MCI patients. While HDL from the MCI patients was also less efficient at mediating cholesterol efflux than HDL from the healthy subjects, the difference was not significant. Interestingly, the difference between the healthy subjects and the MCI and mAD patients with respect to the capacity of HDL to mediate cholesterol efflux disappeared when ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-enriched J774 macrophages were used. HDL fluidity was significantly inversely correlated with the MMSE scores (r = –0.4137, p < 0.009). In vitro measurements of cholesterol efflux using J774 macrophages showed that neither Aβ1-40 nor Aβ1-42 stimulate cholesterol efflux from unenriched J774 macrophages in basal or ABCA1-enriched J774 macrophages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".