Family Change in Lebanon’s Biqa Valley: What were the Results of the Civil War?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Lebanese Civil War, which lasted from 1975 to 1989, profoundly affected Lebanon’s economy, political system, social life, and culture, leaving no part of the country untouched. As a result of the war, many changes in family life took place in ‘Ain al-Qasis, a small town in the Biqa’ Valley. Age at marriage has risen, and young couples want fewer children. Young women are getting more education, and planning careers. Women approaching midlife aspire to be ladies of the house. Family values are in transition. Class stratification has superseded family networks as a mode of organization, and a variety of social, political, charitable, and religious organizations now fills their benevolent and integrative functions. Some of these trends had begun before the war, but the economic changes entailed by the war were the important factor in creating change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".