LPS promotes a monocyte phenotype permissive for human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene expression upon infection but not reactivation from latency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of myeloid cells is closely linked with the differentiation status of the cell. Haematopoietic progenitors and CD14+ monocytes are usually non-permissive for lytic gene expression which can lead to the establishment of latent infections. In contrast, differentiation to macrophage or dendritic cell (DC) phenotypes promotes viral reactivation or renders them permissive for lytic infection. The observation that high doses of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) drove rapid monocyte differentiation in mice led us to investigate the response of human monocytes to HCMV following LPS stimulation in vitro. Here we report that LPS triggers a monocyte phenotype permissiveness for lytic infection directly correlating with LPS concentration. In contrast, addition of LPS directly to latently infected monocytes was not sufficient to trigger viral reactivation which is likely linked with the failure of the monocytes to differentiate to a DC phenotype. Interestingly, we observe that this effect on lytic infection of monocytes is transient, appears to be dependent on COX-2 activation and does not result in a full productive infection. Thus LPS stimulated monocytes are partially permissive lytic gene expression but did not have long term impact on monocyte identity regarding their differentiation and susceptibility for the full lytic cycle of HCMV.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".