Callisthenes in Africa : the historian's role at Siwah and in the Proskynesis controversy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most discussed episodes in modern studies of Alexander is his pilgrimage to the oracle at Siwah, in which Ammon, equated by the Greeks with Zeus, is alleged to have acknowledged his paternity of the young conqueror. Discussion has often centred around the question of the extent to which Alexander himself believed in his own divinity. Earlier scholarship preferred to view Alexander as entirely 'rational' (adopting an apologetic view originally found in Plut. Alex. 28.6 and Arr. An. 7.29.3), refused to accept that Alexander actually thought of himself as a god, and argued that he promoted his divine filiation only for political reasons. The more recent communis opinion, however, has been that Alexander did indeed think of himself as a living god and actively promoted his own deification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".