Electrochemistry of Sputtered and Ball Milled Si-Fe-O Alloys in Li Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Si-Fe-O samples were produced using combinatorial sputtering and ball milling methods. Their structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterization was performed in Li cells. All samples were amorphous or nanostructured, however alloy phase composition had a strong dependence on synthesis method. Sputtered samples comprised amorphous Si, Fe and Si-O phases, while those made by ball milling were found to contain Si, α-FeSi 2 and Si-O phases. This resulted in different reversible capacities, depending on the alloy synthesis method. In all alloys, the presence of oxygen results in low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) below 0.9 V, due to the formation Li-O species that irreversibly trap Li. However, the ICEs increase as the upper cutoff voltage is increased, and at an upper cutoff of 2.5 V the ICE has little dependence on oxygen content. Electrodes prepared from Si-Fe-O powders mixed with graphite have good cycling performance and high volumetric capacities (e.g. ∼1938 Ah/L for a Si 0.80 Fe 0.08 O 0.12 /graphite electrode).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".