Effects of Ethnicity on the Onset of Parenthood in a Developing Country: Some Evidence from the Early 1990s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ethnicity has profound implications for the study of demographic processes in subSaharan Africa. Consequently, researchers have investigated the links between ethnic identity and a host of demographic characteristics in this part of the world. Missing in this discussion is the association between ethnicity and age at first birth. In many African countries characterized by low age at first marriage and low contraceptive use, the age at which women start their childbearing has significant policy implications. Focusing on the role of ethnicity, this paper -uses data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys to investigate the influence of ethnicity and other characteristics of the respondents on the onset of parenthood during the early 1 990s. Our findings indicate that ethnicity per se may be less important than socioeconomic variables in predicting early family formation in Ghana. The policy implications of our findings are reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".