Electrical and optical properties of flexible nanowire blue light-emitting diodes under mechanical bending (Conference Presentation)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
III-Nitride-based nanowire LEDs have shown high internal quantum efficiency and stable light emission over a wide current range to enable white phosphor-free white-light emission. The structures provide a unique advantage for flexible electronics where the out-of-plane three-dimensional nanowires are invariant to applied bending. Testing this concept, InGaN dot-in-wire light-emitting diodes on sapphire substrates were transferred onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using a bonding and laser-liftoff process. In0.15Ga0.85N nanowire blue LEDs were grown on sapphire substrates having Ni/Au contacts applied to the top p-doped region and a lateral insulating polyimide layer applied between the nanowires. The nanowire structures were then bonded onto a transfer wafer and separated from its sapphire growth substrate by laser-liftoff (LLO) using a 266 nm KrF laser. A double-transfer technique, where the inverted LED structures were then transferred and bonded onto the PET with a silver-based adhesive that formed the final bottom contact. The LEDs before and after the transfer process did not show measurable degradation in the I-V and optical characteristics. The 425 nm luminescence peak was found to remain constant during applied mechanical strain on the flexible substrate suggesting the nanowire LEDs did not experience any plane-strain during bending. A constant 2.5 V turn-on voltage, and a forward current of 0.4 mA at 4 V was measured under concave and convex bending. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy characterization will also be shown of the nanowire device before and after double transfer as well as numerical simulation of the mechanical motion of the nanowire structures during bending.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".