Assessing the Market Premium for Organic Certification among Canadian Community Supported Agriculture Programs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a farming concept that allows growers and consumers to partner together to share the risks and benefits of food production. This study examines the impact of organic certification on Canadian CSA share prices. I use Canadian CSA data collected from online sources that documents CSA share prices and characteristics of CSA farms. Results suggest that CSA farms that self-identify as organic charge a 13% premium over conventional farms. I also find that CSA farms that are certified organic charge a 16% premium. These premiums are not statistically different from each other, which suggests that organic certification does not increase the premium relative to uncertified organic. It appears as though CSA, which is a direct marketing concept, acts as a substitute for third-party certification. This study also identifies several parameters that are important for CSA programs, namely the number of weeks the CSA provides produce, the average number of vegetable varieties, and the number of pick-up locations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".