Changing Trends in Age, Gender, Racial Distribution and Inpatient Burden of Achalasia
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Achalasia is an idiopathic esophageal motility disorder characterized by dysphagia, regurgitation, chest discomfort and weight loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal trends in demographic variables, interventions, and inpatient burden in achalasia-related hospitalizations. METHODS: We evaluated the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) for all patients in whom achalasia (ICD-9 code: 530.0) was the principal discharge diagnosis from 1997 to 2013. Data regarding the patient demographics, number of hospitalizations, length of stay, associated hospital costs and temporal trends over the study period were obtained. RESULTS: In 1997, there were 2,493 admissions with a principal discharge diagnosis of achalasia as compared to 5,195 in 2013 with an average increase of 4% per year (P < 0.001). In 1997, the proportion of patients under 65 years of age was 53.8% versus 60.1% in 2013. Increasing prevalence in African Americans was noted (11.1% to 17.1%). Inflation-adjusted hospital charges related to achalasia showed a mean increase of $2,521 per year (P < 0.001). There was an increase in Heller myotomy procedures over the study period (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The number of hospitalizations for achalasia and associated costs has significantly increased significantly over the last 16 years in the United States with disproportionate increase in patients under 65 years of age and racial minorities. Further research on cost-effective evaluation and management of achalasia is required.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it