Bibliographic record
Abstract
The African continent is not well renowned as a producer of TiO 2 pigment. The only major operation at the moment is Huntsman's Umbogintwini plant in South Africa, which has a capacity of 25,000 tpa sulphate-route TiO 2 pigment. The Anglo-Australian miner produced 461,000 tonnes TiO 2 feedstock in Q2 2013, up from the 370,000 tonnes recorded in Q2 2012. TiO 2 feedstock production figures were also up quarter-on-quarter (q-o-q), increasing from 427,000 tonnes in Q1 2013. Global number two titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) producer Iluka Resources Ltd has seen rutile sales slip by 34.1% year-on-year (y-o-y) to 56,300 tonnes for H1 2013. Synthetic rutile sales have slipped even further, falling by 80.2% y-o-y to 20,000 tonnes for H1, and ilmenite sales have fallen off as well, dropping by 32.8% y-o-y to 147,000 tonnes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.071 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".