Sampling of total mercury in sand on Sydney beaches and assessment of risk of exposure to children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accumulation of anthropogenic mercury (Hg) onto coastal environments is potentially putting children playing in these areas, particularly beaches, at risk of exposure to mercury through the ingestion of sand. Samples were collected along 11 of Sydney's beaches and two Newcastle beaches where children may be exposed and analysed using a Direct Mercury Analyser (DMA-80). Risk of exposure was assessed based on Health Canada's exposure threshold for the ingestion of total mercury of 105ng Hg kg-1 BW d-1 and USEPA published values of daily ingestion rates by children (0.2g soil d-1 and 1.75g soil d-1). Concentrations of total mercury in beach sand ranged from 0.0035 to 57.89µg kg-1. Beaches with the highest Hg concentration were found to be located in close proximity to potential mercury sources. The highest daily intake calculated was 7.132ng Hg kg-1 BW d-1, well below the daily intake threshold, indicating children have a minimal exposure risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".