Effect of welding parameters on properties of HDPE geomembrane seams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of various welding parameters of a dual-wedge welding technique on the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane seam specimens is examined. These seams were welded with sufficient heat, insufficient heat and excessive heat at specific speeds and nip pressures. The thickness of the fusion area and the width of the air channel provided an acceptable indication of the quality of the welding. Investigation of the seam specimens' mechanical properties showed that physical ageing had occurred. The impact of welding on antioxidants was evaluated using the standard oxidative induction time (Std-OIT) test method. The Std-OIT results showed that the outer edge of squeeze-out was greatly affected by the thermal welding. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the morphology of the outer edge of squeeze-out was altered after welding. However, the Std-OIT test on other locations of the seam specimens indicated that welding had an insignificant impact on the Std-OIT values for the particular geomembrane and welding parameters considered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".