Statistical Analysis of the Ice Loading Events on the Confederation Bridge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have examined the ice loading forces on two piers of the Confederation Bridge during the 2012-13 ice season using the updated NRC ice load monitoring system. The new system allows better time synchronization of the tiltmeter and video data from each pier as well as the anemometer. The new system has allowed for the analysis of two large ice loading events simultaneously occurring at two adjacent Confederation Bridge piers and discussion of the relation between the forces on each pier during the events. The maximum load on a single pier was 3640 kN, when a large flow with embedded ridges stalled against two adjacent piers on April 6th, 2013. The maximum total load on the two adjacent piers was 5130 kN, fifty-six minutes after the single pier maximum. General statistics on the ice loads during a subset of the ice season were performed. Average ice loads during our observation period were 150 - 200 kN. Further refinement of the ice load and wind coefficients used at the NRC monitored bridge piers may be suggested from this work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".