American elder cultivation under cold climates: Potential and limitations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drapeau, R. and Charlebois, D. 2012. American elder cultivation under cold climates: Potential and limitations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 473–484. The hardiness, development, fruit yield and anthocyanin content of six American elder (Sambucus canadensis L.) cultivars from an orchard in a relatively cold area (Normandin, QC) were evaluated over a 7-yr period. Although the study site was located further north than this species' natural range, the six cultivars tolerated the climatic conditions well and exhibited good growth. Fruit production was moderate in the first 2 yr after planting and then hovered around 5 kg per plant in the following 2 yr for all cultivars except for the wild ecotype. The short growing season under Normandin's climatic conditions limited fruit maturation, however. The fruits produced in Normandin generally had a lower anthocyanin content than their counterparts produced in L'Acadie, in southern Quebec. The selection or development of early cultivars or the production of flowers should therefore be recommended in cold climates. Conversion of the biomass produced during pruning could be considered as an additional source of revenue. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, the production potential of American elder in orchards under climatic conditions comparable with those in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".