La péréquation financière au Canada : quelles sont les raisons de la difficulté de réformer cet élément essentiel du fédéralisme canadien?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La péréquation financière a pour but d’assurer à chaque gouvernement provincial suffisamment de ressources en vue de fournir aux citoyens des services de qualité comparable moyennant des taux d’imposition comparable. Il s’agit d’une obligation dans le chef du gouvernement fédéral. Celui-ci a tenté en octobre 2004 de réformer ce programme afin de le rendre plus simple et, surtout, plus prévisible. Aujourd’hui, cette réforme est au point mort. Outre la présentation du système initial, cet article met l’accent sur les raisons politologiques susceptibles d’expliquer les difficultés rencontrées par le fédéral dans sa tentative de réforme de ce système essentiel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".