Wettability Alteration and Interactions between Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) Nanoparticles and Reservoir Minerals in Standard Cores Mimicking Hebron Field Conditions for Enhanced Oil Recovery
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Economically suitable innovative techniques are becoming a main objective in the oil and gas industry. SiO2 nanoparticle as a water additive for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been gaining grounds during the last few years because of its favourable results at laboratory scale; however, application at field is still unknown. A goal of injecting nanofluids is to promote fluid-rock interaction; therefore, determining the level of interaction between the two is a key factor. This research aimed to study interaction between the 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 wt% SiO2 nanofluids and standard cores through contact angle experiments; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); mineral liberation analysis (MLA); and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), to predict EOR mechanisms using SiO2 nanofluids in Hebron field. Hebron field is one of the major developments in offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, with an estimation of 2620 million barrels of oil in place, and an objective to achieve first oil in 2017. Berea and Bandera standard cores were selected to represent the mineralogical compositions of Ben Nevis Formation, which is the most important reservoir with approximately 80% of the Hebron’s crude oil. The SiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in seawater from offshore Newfoundland, and the oil used was from offshore Newfoundland. The contact angle measurements at Hebron Field temperature and pressure (62 °C and 19.00 MPa) showed that the maximum decrease occurred after 6 hours of aging the core plug in nanofluids at 62 °C. Berea core presented a decrease from 51.4° to 30.2°, and in the case of Bandera rock was from 76.7° to 29.6°. SEM images and MLA revealed the higher the SiO2 nanoparticle concentration, the more nanoparticle adsorption on the rock surfaces after aging in nanofluids. These results are complemented by ICP-OES analysis on the nanofluids, since SiO2 nanoparticle concentrations in the nanofluids decreased after aging. The wettability alteration observed may be caused by the nanoparticles adsorption and interaction of the nanoparticle with the rock surface.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it