Bibliographic record
Abstract
In his influential essay Two of Empiricism, W. V. Quine attacks two that have conditioned... modern empiricism (2002, p.176). Rejecting these two dogmas leads Quine to make two further claims: he constructs a complex model of human belief states and asserts, total science... is underdetermined by experience (2002, p.191). Larry Laudan's 1990 essay Demystifying underdetermination hopes to cast doubt upon the broad implications that many writers... draw (Laudan 1990, p.271) from Quine's claims in Two Dogmas. I first attempt to expound key components of Quine's essay so that its relationship to Laudan's criticism can be better understood; further, I attempt to show that although Laudan's discussion of Two Dogmas successfully invalidates implications that have been drawn from the work, it ignores key aspects of the work itself, misleading the reader.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.057 | 0.157 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.020 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".