Hydrophobic surface modification of FMSS and its application as effective sorbents for oil spill clean‐ups and recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Superhydrophobic sponge‐like materials are attracting more attention in recent years as potential sorbent materials for oil spill clean‐up. In this work, the authors report the incorporation of hydrophobic structural features into a superhydrophilic pristine formaldehyde‐melamine‐sodium bisulfite copolymer sponge (FMSS) by N‐acylation with a fatty acid derivative, for use as an oil sorbent in oil spill clean‐ups. This resulted in our ability to transform the surface properties of the sponge skeleton to superhydrophobic with a contact angle of 143°. The acylated FMSS (a‐FMSS) was shown to retain the interconnected porous structure, and was characterized with microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. Sorption experiments with engine oil and chloroform showed that a‐FMSS had a very high oil sorption capacity (amounting to 99 and 168.2 times its own weight respectively) than commercial nonwoven polypropylene sorbent. In this view, a‐FMSS is considered to be a promising oil sorbent for potential applications in large‐scale oil spill clean‐ups. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 4090–4102, 2017
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".