Les politiques américaines contre la pauvreté : quelques propositions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L’article trace l’évolution des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté depuis 1965. Il décrit ensuite, statistiques à l’appui, les effets des politiques de transferts de revenu sur la pauvreté, l’insécurité et l’inégalité économique, puis sur le travail, l’épargne et la famille. Il établit que les politiques de transferts de revenu ont contribué à réduire la pauvreté et les inégalités mais qu’elles n’ont eu qu’un effet palliatif et provisoire. Elles n’ont pas réussi à augmenter la participation des pauvres au marché du travail. Promouvoir une telle participation exige une intervention sur plusieurs fronts : l’éducation, la qualification professionnelle, les politiques de soutien du revenu, etc. Aucune formule simple ou appliquée de façon isolée ne peut avoir d’impact significatif sur le problème. Les auteurs formulent une série de propositions susceptibles de renforcer la lutte contre la pauvreté.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".