Bibliographic record
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for hybrid breeding are usually developed within distinct heterotic groups. Breeders impose strong selection and maintain relatively small population sizes that are adapted to local environments, where the aim is to identify the desired recombinant types in the progeny. However, linkages between loci that control a trait may not permit breeders to obtain the desirable genetic recombination in these populations. It is hypothesized that different favorable and unfavorable alleles accumulate within the lines from different heterotic groups. In addition, within each inbred line, favourable alleles are linked with unfavourable alleles. Two early-season maize inbreds, CG60 (Iodent) and CG102 (Stiff Stalk), were used to develop a selfed recombinant inbred line (SRIL) and an intermated recombinant inbred line (IRIL) populations. Furthermore, individuals from within these populations were testcrossed with an inbred tester from the Lancaster Sure Crop heterotic group, to give rise to selfed SRIL testcross (SRIL-TC) and IRIL testcross (IRIL-TC) populations. The inbred and inbred-testcross populations were evaluated for trait variation and QTL mapping. The genetic variance was high in inbred populations (SRIL and IRIL) with transgressive segregation for flowering time and agronomic traits. However, genetic variances and correlation coefficients did not significantly differ between the inbred populations. Results suggested that pleiotropic genes were prevalent for these traits. In addition, linkages between the loci that control these traits were not common within parental genomes. Genetic linkage maps developed from the IRIL population were larger than those of the SRIL population. In the inbred-testcross populations (SRIL-TC and IRIL-TC) high means and high levels of trait variation were observed for all traits. The genetic variances and correlation coefficients of hybrid traits did not significantly differ between the SRIL-TC and IRIL-TC populations. Twenty five significant small to moderate QTL were detected, but only one, for grain moisture, was shared between inbred-testcross populations. Overall, the two inbred parents from different heterotic groups have many distinct alleles that contribute to traits. The recombinant inbred line populations had high means and variances for grain yield and related traits, which opens the possibility of utilizing these lines for hybrid breeding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".