Mechanical Cell Disruption Using Hierarchical Micro-Nano Structureson Nanoporous Alumina Filter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cell disruption is essential process in molecular biology and biomedical engineering for investigation of DNA, RNA, virus and protein in cell. Generally, there are some methods for cell disruption or cell lysis such as chemical, electrical and mechanical method. [1, 2] Chemical cell lysis is method that dissolve cell envelope and nucleus using cell lysis buffer and lysate from this process contains lysis buffer which couldn't know the composition. Electrical and mechanical cell disruption methods required external equipment and shows low cell disruption efficiency. Especially, mechanical cell disruption is easy and quick method and studied using microstructures for increment of cell disruption efficiency. Hierarchical micro-nano structures on nanoporous alumina filter was fabricated aluminium wet etching process and multi-step anodic aluminium oxidation process. Pure aluminium sheet (5N, 1mm thickness) was mechanical and electro-polished for mirror-like surface. Next, aluminium sheet was dipped in aluminium etchant of CuCl 2 base for fabrication of micro-structures. During aluminium etching process, micro-structures were formed by chipping off a grain boundary of aluminium. Multi-step anodic aluminium oxidation process was carried out for fabrication of nano-structures and filter body. Aluminium that formed micro-structures on surface was anodized twice in 0.3M phosphoric acid aqueous solution of -5C under 180V. Formed nanoporous alumina structure was expanded by wet etching process for forming of spike-like nanostructure shape in 0.1M phosphoric acid aqueous solution of 35C. 3 rd anodic aluminium oxidation process was carried out for fabrication of filter body under same condition mentioned above for 40hours. Finally, aluminium was removed and barrier layer of nanoporous alumina was opened by wet etching process. For mechanical cell disruption, NIH3T3 fibroblast cells (1 10 6 cells/ml) in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) were injected through hierarchical micro-nano structures on nanoporous alumina filter which assembled with commercial filter holder by air pressure (5bar). Cell disruption efficiency was evaluated by quantification of DNA and protein in lysate. Concentration of DNA and protein were quantified using DNA isolation kit (DNeasy, Quiagen) and Bradford assay, respectively. According to results, 5.1 1.3 g/ml of DNA and 46 11 g/ml of protein were detected from lysate. In cell disruption process using hierarchical micro-nano structure on nanoporous alumina filter, cell envelope and nucleus were teared by micro-structures and un-teared nucleus by micro-structure was disrupted by nano-structures. This results shows cell envelop disruption of 32 % and cell nucleus disruption of 92 % compared to theoretical value. [7,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".