Uplift Pressure Resistant Approach in Diaphragm Wall Excavation-case Study: Imam Hossein Holy Shrine Development -Karbala- Iraq
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Today population increase leads to an increased demand for reliable infrastructure.One of the challenges in deep excavation project is high level water table and deformation control of adjacent sensitive structures.The diaphragm wall technique (DW) is one of the alternatives that proposed for this condition.Development of Imam Hossein Shrine project has been constructed in Karbala, Iraq.In this paper, the performance of a 40 meter deep multi-propped excavation in medium to very dense sand and clay layers is studied.The vertical sidewalls of the excavation were supported by cast-in-place fully reinforced concrete diaphragm walls.In this project, the level of underground water table is high, so hydrolic uplift pressure at bottom of excavation is a problem, which two approaches were proposed.Scenario I was utilized the short external diaphragm wall and tension pile and scenario II was using the deep external diaphragm wall.Based on our results the second method has the benefits such as less cost and construction time as method I. To evaluation the performance of these methods a finite difference numerical simulation was developed by FLAC2D code.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".